Assessment of heavy metal contamination in an estuarine zone through a multicriteria analysis
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This study assessed contamination by arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in sediments through the calculation of the Enrichment Factor (EF), the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), and the Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI), as well as the Environmental Health Risk (EHR) in sediments and bivalves. The study area is the La Puntilla estuary, located in El Oro province, Ecuador, where three zones were defined and 66 sediment samples were taken at 27 sampling points. Sixty-five specimens of Anadara grandis were collected at depths of 20 to 60 cm in areas near the Chaguana River for Hg analysis. The results showed that the correlation between the sediment's physicochemical parameters and heavy metals is mostly low, evidencing an anthropogenic origin of the contamination. Regarding EF, Igeo, PERI, and EHR in sediments, Zone 2 proved to be the most impacted, directly influenced by local activities. As for Anadara grandis, no toxic risk was detected from consumption of the bivalve.
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